Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders affecting women of reproductive age, impacting approximately 1 in 10 women worldwide. It is characterized by a combination of symptoms including irregular or absent menstrual periods, excess androgen (male hormone) production, and the development of multiple small fluid-filled follicles on the ovaries. The condition results from a complex interplay of hormonal imbalances—particularly elevated insulin and androgens—that disrupts normal ovulation and can lead to difficulties with fertility, weight management, skin changes, and long-term metabolic health risks including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. While there is no cure for PCOS, early diagnosis and a combination of lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and targeted medical treatments can effectively manage symptoms and significantly reduce long-term health complications.