Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH)

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a protein produced by granulosa cells in developing ovarian follicles, widely used as a marker of ovarian reserve (the number of eggs remaining in the ovaries). Women with PCOS typically have AMH levels 2-5 times higher than women without PCOS, reflecting the characteristic accumulation of many small, immature follicles in their ovaries. Paradoxically, despite this higher egg count, fertility is impaired because the follicles are dysfunctional and fail to mature and ovulate properly. Elevated AMH can support PCOS diagnosis and correlates with disease severity, but should be interpreted alongside other clinical and hormonal findings.